They were given no time to contest the decision legally and, due to segregation and political suppression, lacked civic clout to fight it—a pattern in keeping with scholarship on suburban development across the United States and echoed in CML research on Northern Virginia, including Fairfax County.

The University Libraries' second annual Constitution Day Forum, co-sponsored by the libraries and the Center for Mason Legacies, brought scholars of history and political science into conversation with a practicing lawyer to examine immigration in context, policy, and practice.